The classical ones are things like chronic congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes and anybody who really is on any immunosuppressive regimen.
If the shunt is large enough such that the initial symptoms aren't noticed and the TGA isn't repaired, the heart can progress to congestive heart failure.
In both cases, blood backs up into the lungs, causing congestion or fluid buildup, which is why it's also often known as congestive heart failure, or just CHF.
Congestive heart failure affects millions of people around the world and since it means that the body's needs are not being met, it can ultimately lead to death.
Now, we do this all the time for pacemakers and defibrillators, basically for all sorts of congestive heart failure and electrical anomalies of the heart.
Coarctation of the aorta and a bicuspid aortic valve can cause lower extremity cyanosis, meaning a bluish or purplish discoloration of the lower limbs, and can result in congestive heart failure.
She was the wife of the 41 president, George H.W. Bush, and the mother of the 43rd president, George W. Bush. She'd been fighting COPD, a lung disease, as well as congestive heart failure.
In fact, one of the leading causes of patients to be readmitted into the hospital for a congestive heart failure exacerbation is eating take out because it's so high in sodium.